👨‍💻Tensorflow Kod Notları

👨‍🔧 Verileri Düzenleme

Verileri Tek Boyuta Alma

X_train_flatten = X_train_orig.reshape(X_train_orig.shape[0], -1).T
X_test_flatten = X_test_orig.reshape(X_test_orig.shape[0], -1).T

Normalize Etme

# . olma sebebi float olmasını sağlamak
X_train = X_train_flatten/255.
X_test = X_test_flatten/255.

OneShot Yapısı

Y_train = convert_to_one_hot(Y_train_orig, 6)
Y_test = convert_to_one_hot(Y_test_orig, 6)

Boyutları Bastırma

print ("number of training examples = " + str(X_train.shape[1]))
print ("number of test examples = " + str(X_test.shape[1]))
print ("X_train shape: " + str(X_train.shape))
print ("Y_train shape: " + str(Y_train.shape))
print ("X_test shape: " + str(X_test.shape))
print ("Y_test shape: " + str(Y_test.shape))

✨ Tensorflow Ortamı Tanımlama

Placeholder

# GRADED FUNCTION: create_placeholders

def create_placeholders(n_x, n_y):
    """
    Creates the placeholders for the tensorflow session.

    Arguments:
    n_x -- scalar, size of an image vector (num_px * num_px = 64 * 64 * 3 = 12288)
    n_y -- scalar, number of classes (from 0 to 5, so -> 6)

    Returns:
    X -- placeholder for the data input, of shape [n_x, None] and dtype "float"
    Y -- placeholder for the input labels, of shape [n_y, None] and dtype "float"

    Tips:
    - You will use None because it let's us be flexible on the number of examples you will for the placeholders.
      In fact, the number of examples during test/train is different.
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 2 lines)
    X = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[n_x, None])
    Y = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[n_y, None])
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return X, Y

Parametre Tanımlama

# GRADED FUNCTION: initialize_parameters

def initialize_parameters():
    """
    Initializes parameters to build a neural network with tensorflow. The shapes are:
                        W1 : [25, 12288]
                        b1 : [25, 1]
                        W2 : [12, 25]
                        b2 : [12, 1]
                        W3 : [6, 12]
                        b3 : [6, 1]

    Returns:
    parameters -- a dictionary of tensors containing W1, b1, W2, b2, W3, b3
    """

    tf.set_random_seed(1)                   # so that your "random" numbers match ours

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 6 lines of code)
    W1 = tf.get_variable("W1", [25, 12288], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b1 = tf.get_variable("b1", [25, 1], initializer = tf.zeros_initializer())
    W2 = tf.get_variable("W2", [12, 25], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b2 = tf.get_variable("b2", [12, 1], initializer = tf.zeros_initializer())
    W3 = tf.get_variable("W3", [6, 12], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b3 = tf.get_variable("b3", [6, 1], initializer = tf.zeros_initializer())
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2,
                  "W3": W3,
                  "b3": b3}

    return parameters

Forward Propagation

# GRADED FUNCTION: forward_propagation

def forward_propagation(X, parameters):
    """
    Implements the forward propagation for the model: LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SOFTMAX

    Arguments:
    X -- input dataset placeholder, of shape (input size, number of examples)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters "W1", "b1", "W2", "b2", "W3", "b3"
                  the shapes are given in initialize_parameters

    Returns:
    Z3 -- the output of the last LINEAR unit
    """

    # Retrieve the parameters from the dictionary "parameters"
    W1 = parameters['W1']
    b1 = parameters['b1']
    W2 = parameters['W2']
    b2 = parameters['b2']
    W3 = parameters['W3']
    b3 = parameters['b3']

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 5 lines)                        # Numpy Equivalents:
    Z1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W1, X), b1)                                # Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)                                              # A1 = relu(Z1)
    Z2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W2, A1), b2)                               # Z2 = np.dot(W2, a1) + b2
    A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)                                              # A2 = relu(Z2)
    Z3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W3, A2), b3)                               # Z3 = np.dot(W3,Z2) + b3
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return Z3

Cost

# GRADED FUNCTION: compute_cost

def compute_cost(Z3, Y):
    """
    Computes the cost

    Arguments:
    Z3 -- output of forward propagation (output of the last LINEAR unit), of shape (6, number of examples)
    Y -- "true" labels vector placeholder, same shape as Z3

    Returns:
    cost - Tensor of the cost function
    """

    # to fit the tensorflow requirement for tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(...,...)
    logits = tf.transpose(Z3)
    labels = tf.transpose(Y)

    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line of code)
    cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels = labels, logits = logits))
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return cost

Model Oluşturma

def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, learning_rate = 0.0001,
          num_epochs = 1500, minibatch_size = 32, print_cost = True):
    """
    Implements a three-layer tensorflow neural network: LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->SOFTMAX.

    Arguments:
    X_train -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 1080)
    Y_train -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of training examples = 1080)
    X_test -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 120)
    Y_test -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of test examples = 120)
    learning_rate -- learning rate of the optimization
    num_epochs -- number of epochs of the optimization loop
    minibatch_size -- size of a minibatch
    print_cost -- True to print the cost every 100 epochs

    Returns:
    parameters -- parameters learnt by the model. They can then be used to predict.
    """

    ops.reset_default_graph()                         # to be able to rerun the model without overwriting tf variables
    tf.set_random_seed(1)                             # to keep consistent results
    seed = 3                                          # to keep consistent results
    (n_x, m) = X_train.shape                          # (n_x: input size, m : number of examples in the train set)
    n_y = Y_train.shape[0]                            # n_y : output size
    costs = []                                        # To keep track of the cost

    # Create Placeholders of shape (n_x, n_y)
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    X, Y = create_placeholders(n_x, n_y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Initialize parameters
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    parameters = initialize_parameters()
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Forward propagation: Build the forward propagation in the tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    Z3 = forward_propagation(X, parameters)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Cost function: Add cost function to tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    cost = compute_cost(Z3, Y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Backpropagation: Define the tensorflow optimizer. Use an AdamOptimizer.
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Initialize all the variables
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # Start the session to compute the tensorflow graph
    with tf.Session() as sess:

        # Run the initialization
        sess.run(init)

        # Do the training loop
        for epoch in range(num_epochs):

            epoch_cost = 0.                       # Defines a cost related to an epoch
            num_minibatches = int(m / minibatch_size) # number of minibatches of size minibatch_size in the train set
            seed = seed + 1
            minibatches = random_mini_batches(X_train, Y_train, minibatch_size, seed)

            for minibatch in minibatches:

                # Select a minibatch
                (minibatch_X, minibatch_Y) = minibatch

                # IMPORTANT: The line that runs the graph on a minibatch.
                # Run the session to execute the "optimizer" and the "cost", the feedict should contain a minibatch for (X,Y).
                ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
                _ , minibatch_cost = sess.run([optimizer, cost], feed_dict={X: minibatch_X, Y: minibatch_Y})
                ### END CODE HERE ###

                epoch_cost += minibatch_cost / num_minibatches

            # Print the cost every epoch
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 100 == 0:
                print ("Cost after epoch %i: %f" % (epoch, epoch_cost))
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 5 == 0:
                costs.append(epoch_cost)

        # plot the cost
        plt.plot(np.squeeze(costs))
        plt.ylabel('cost')
        plt.xlabel('iterations (per tens)')
        plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(learning_rate))
        plt.show()

        # lets save the parameters in a variable
        parameters = sess.run(parameters)
        print ("Parameters have been trained!")

        # Calculate the correct predictions
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(Z3), tf.argmax(Y))

        # Calculate accuracy on the test set
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))

        print ("Train Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_train, Y: Y_train}))
        print ("Test Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_test, Y: Y_test}))

        return parameters

🧱 Temel Tanımlamalar

✨ Değişken Tanımlamaları

# Değişken değerleri tanımlama
w = tf.Variable(0, dtype=tf.float32)
loss = tf.Variable((y - y_hat)**2, name='loss')

# Sabit değerleri tanımlama
a = tf.constant(2)
b = tf.constant(10)
X = tf.constant(np.random.randn(3, 1), name = "X")
W = tf.constant(np.random.randn(4, 3), name = "W")

# Sonradan atancak değerlerin tipi ve boyutu
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (3, 1))

train = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01).minimize(cost)
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()  # When init is run later (session.run(init)),

# Z ve Y değerlerine göre cost tanımlama
cost = x[0][0] * w**2 + x[1][0] * w + x[2][0]
cost = tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits = z,  labels = y)
# mean, toplayıp ortalama almak demektir
cost = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
    labels = labels, logits = logits
    )
)

# Cost değerini minimum yapmayı amaçlayan değişkenler
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate = learning_rate).minimize(cost)
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

# y = [1, 2, 3, 4] -> [[0,1,0,0], [0, 0, 1, 0], ...] gösterimi
one_hot_matrix = tf.one_hot(indices=labels, depth=C, axis=0)

🏃‍♂️ Çalıştırma İşlemleri

sess = tf.Session()
result = sess.run(Y)
sess.close()

# Context manager ile kullanılırsa hatalar da kontrol edilir (?)
with tf.Session() as session:
    session.run(init)
    session.run(w)

session.run(train, feed_dict={x:coefficients})
session.run(w)
sess.close()

# Tekrarlı çalıştırma
for i in range(100000):
  # session.run(train)
  session.run(train, feed_dict={x:coefficients}) # X verilerine değer atama
session.run(w)
sess.close()

_ , c = sess.run([optimizer, cost], feed_dict={X: minibatch_X, Y: minibatch_Y})

🧮 Matematiksel İşlemler

# Y = W.X + b
Y = tf.add(tf.matmul(W, X), b)
Y = tf.matmul(W, X)
A = tf.nn.relu()